Tag: AI

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AAAI 2024 Spring Symposium Series

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is thrilled to host its 2024 Spring Symposium Series at Stanford University from March 25-27, 2024. With a diverse array of symposia, each hosting 40-75 participants, the event is a vibrant platform for exploring the frontiers of AI. Of the eight symposia, only three are highlighted here: Firstly, the “Bi-directionality in Human-AI Collaborative Systems” symposium promises to delve into the dynamic interactions between humans and AI, exploring how these collaborations can evolve and improve over time. Secondly, the “Impact of GenAI on Social and Individual Well-being” addresses the profound effects. of generative AI technologies on society and individual lives. Lastly, “Increasing Diversity in AI Education and Research” focuses on a crucial issue in the tech world: diversity. It aims to highlight and address the need for more inclusive approaches in AI education and research, promoting a more equitable and diverse future in the field. Each of these symposia offers unique insights and discussions, making the AAAI 2024 Spring Symposium Series a key event for those keen to stay at the cutting edge of AI development and its societal implications. More information is available at aaai.org/conference/spring-symposia/sss24/#ss01.

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All that Groks is God

Elon Musk has named his new language model Grok. The word comes from the science fiction novel “Stranger in a Strange Land” (1961) by Robert A. Heinlein. This famous novel features two characters who have studied the word. Valentine Michael Smith (aka Michael Smith or “Mike”, the “Man from Mars”) is the main character. He is a human who was born on Mars. Dr “Stinky” Mahmoud is a semanticist. After Mike, he is the second person who speaks the Martian language but does not “grok” it. In one passage, Mahmoud explains to Mike: “‘Grok’ means ‘identically equal.’ The human cliché. ‘This hurts me worse than it does you’ has a Martian flavor. The Martians seem to know instinctively what we learned painfully from modern physics, that observer interacts with observed through the process of observation. ‘Grok’ means to understand so thoroughly that the observer becomes a part of the observed – to merge, blend, intermarry, lose identity in group experience. It means almost everything that we mean by religion, philosophy, and science – and it means as little to us as color means to a blind man.” Mike says a little later in the dialog: “God groks.” In another place, there is a similar statement: “… all that groks is God …”. In a way, this fits in with what is written on the website of Elon Musk’s AI start-up: “The goal of xAI is to understand the true nature of the universe.” The only question is whether this goal will remain science fiction or become reality.

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ChatGPT Explains Beauty

In his new project, Oliver Bendel first created images using DALL-E 3. For consistency, he structured the prompts similarly in each case, making sure to keep them as general as possible. They covered a range of topics: things, plants, animals, people, and so on. From the suggestions provided by DALL-E 3, he chose one and combined it with the prompt from ChatGPT (which serves as the interface to DALL-E 3) to create the basis of the book “AN AI EXPLAINS BEAUTY”. Oliver Bendel then engaged ChatGPT (using the image upload feature) to explain the beauty of the things, plants, animals, humans, and so on. At first, the AI was reluctant to offer insights about people, but with some encouragement, it obliged. The results of these inquiries are also documented in the little book. They represent the real sensation. Because ChatGPT can recognize and describe individual objects in the image, and this with a view to predetermined aspects. The whole project was done on November 1, 2023, including the publication. The little book can be downloaded here.

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American Smile

DALL-E 3 is an excellent image generator and at the same time full of stereotypes and biases. One very interesting phenomenon is that of the American smile, which appears again and again in the images. The idea for the little book “AMERICAN SMILE” came to Oliver Bendel when he read the blog post “AI and the American Smile. How AI misrepresents culture through a facial expression” (medium.com/@socialcreature/ai-and-the-american-smile-76d23a0fbfaf). The author – username jenka – showed a series of “selfies” made with Midjourney. Regardless of the time period or culture, people smiled in a similar, American way. Oliver Bendel investigated this phenomenon and asked DALL-E 3 to take pictures of smiling people from different eras and cultures. He also got bears and aliens to smile. In fact, with very few exceptions, they all smiled in a similar way. He documented the pictures, along with the prompts, in a little book that can be downloaded here. Bias problems in image generators are addressed in the article “Image Synthesis from an Ethical Perspective” by Oliver Bendel.

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On Beauty

On 17 October 2023, Oliver Bendel published a little book entitled “ON BEAUTY” in which he posed 26 questions about beauty to GPT-4. The language model’s answers show the direction in which it has developed. They reveal much of the world knowledge it has accumulated. But they are also unassailable and quite general. To some questions that are not usually asked, it has downright woke answers. Only questions about the measurability of beauty or the connection between beauty and evolution elicit some concessions from the chatbot and text generator. Questions and answers are illustrated with images generated by DALL-E 3. They show beautiful people, beautiful animals, beautiful things, beautiful landscapes. Some are highly expressive art, others are kitsch. Like its predecessor “ARTIFACTS WITH HANDCAPS” (24 September 2023), this little book can be downloaded for free. Oliver Bendel has been writing experimental literature for 40 years, from concrete poetry and mobile phone novels to poems in the form of 2D and 3D codes and AI-generated texts. He has toured the Netherlands with his mobile phone novels and poems on behalf of two Goethe Institutes. The standard reference “Die Struktur der modernen Literatur” (Mario Andreotti) devotes two pages to his work (Photo: DALL-E 3).

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Maybe Not Safe

Ideogram seemed to start as a rather free and permissive image generator in August 2023. In the meantime, a noticeable number of images are censored. It is not the prompt that matters, but the image itself. If the platform detects during generation that the image might be problematic, it is not finished, but replaced by a tile with a cat holding a sign in its paws that says “MAYBE NOT SAFE”. A prompt read: “The sculpture Galatea, resembling the beautiful Aphrodite, creates itself, photo, film”. So, the sculpture of Pygmalion was to empower itself. The four images, two of which showed breasts, were seen by the user and also by the platform itself, apparently resulting in the images being transformed into the said warnings before they were completed. On the other hand, photorealistic images of women in revealing poses remain unproblematic, as long as they are wearing bikinis or hotpants. As with other American platforms, the problem here seems to be the visibility of nipples, whether human or sculptural. In another experiment, in one of the four pictures, the nipples were visible until they disappeared under the cat’s fur. In another sculpture, Ideogram itself had covered the nipples, one with her hand, the other with a piece of clay or stone jewellery. This Galatea was spared the fate of her sister.

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ChatGPT can See, Hear, and Speak

OpenAI reported on September 25, 2023 in its blog: “We are beginning to roll out new voice and image capabilities in ChatGPT. They offer a new, more intuitive type of interface by allowing you to have a voice conversation or show ChatGPT what you’re talking about.” (OpenAI Blog, 25 September 2023) The company gives some examples of using ChatGPT in everyday life: “Snap a picture of a landmark while traveling and have a live conversation about what’s interesting about it. When you’re home, snap pictures of your fridge and pantry to figure out what’s for dinner (and ask follow up questions for a step by step recipe). After dinner, help your child with a math problem by taking a photo, circling the problem set, and having it share hints with both of you.” (OpenAI Blog, 25 September 2023) But the application can not only see, it can also hear and speak: “You can now use voice to engage in a back-and-forth conversation with your assistant. Speak with it on the go, request a bedtime story for your family, or settle a dinner table debate.” (OpenAI Blog, 25 September 2023) More information via openai.com/blog/chatgpt-can-now-see-hear-and-speak.

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AI-generated Short Stories

The technology philosopher and writer Oliver Bendel published the book “ARTIFACTS WITH HANDICAPS” on 24 September 2023. The information about the author reads: “Oliver Bendel featuring Ideogram and GPT-4”. In fact, the entire work was created with the help of generative AI. It consists of 11 images, each followed by a short story. This one deals with the imperfection of representation. Once a hand looks like that of a mummy, once a skateboard floats in the air above the wheels. But there is also one or another representation that looks perfect. In this case, the story explains what is different about the person, their history, or their behavior. Ultimately, it is about the otherness and the fact that this is in fact a special feature. The book is freely available and can be distributed and used as desired, with credit given to the authors, i.e. the artist and the AI systems. Oliver Bendel has been writing experimental literature, including digital literature, for 40 years. As of 2007, he was one of the best-known cell phone novelists in Europe. In 2010, he attracted attention with a volume of haiku – “handyhaiku” – in which the poems were printed in the form of QR codes. In 2020, the volume “Die Astronautin” was published, in which the poems are printed in the form of 3D codes. The standard work “Die Struktur der modernen Literatur” (“The Structure of Modern Literature”) by Mario Andreotti devotes two pages to the writer’s work.

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AAAI Spring Symposia Return to Stanford

In late August 2023, AAAI announced the continuation of the AAAI Spring Symposium Series, to be held at Stanford University from 25-27 March 2024. Due to staff shortages, the prestigious conference had to be held at the Hyatt Regency SFO Airport in San Francisco in 2023 – and will now return to its traditional venue. The call for proposals is available on the AAAI Spring Symposium Series page. Proposals are due by 6 October 2023. They should be submitted to the symposium co-chairs, Christopher Geib (SIFT, USA) and Ron Petrick (Heriot-Watt University, UK), via the online submission page. Over the past ten years, the AAAI Spring Symposia have been relevant not only to classical AI, but also to roboethics and machine ethics. Groundbreaking symposia were, for example, “Ethical and Moral Considerations in Non-Human Agents” in 2016, “AI for Social Good” in 2017, or “AI and Society: Ethics, Safety and Trustworthiness in Intelligent Agents” in 2018. More information is available at aaai.org/conference/spring-symposia/sss24/.

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A Universal Translator Comes

The idea of a Babel Fish comes from the legendary novel or series of novels “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”. Douglas Adams alluded to the Tower of Babel. In 1997, Yahoo launched a web service for the automatic translation of texts under this name. Various attempts to implement the Babel Fish in hardware and software followed. Meta’s SeamlessM4T software can handle almost a hundred languages. In a blog post, the American company refers to the work of Douglas Adams. “M4T” stands for “Massively Multilingual and Multimodal Machine Translation”. Again, it is a language model that makes spectacular things possible. It has been trained on four million hours of raw audio. A demo is available at seamless.metademolab.com/demo. The first step is to record a sentence. The sentence is displayed as text. Then select the language you want to translate into, for example Japanese. The sentence is displayed again in text form and, if desired, in spoken language. A synthetic voice is used. You can also use your own voice, but this is not yet integrated into the application. A paper by Meta AI and UC Berkeley can be downloaded here.